Questions and Answers on the Meaning of Words

1. What is an organ, organs

These are the vessels of the Sefirot of the Guf, meaning the emanated beings from the screen of the Peh of the Rosh downwards. (Part 3, Chapter 8, Item 1)

2. What is a light of departure

Reflected light, meaning the upper light that is not received in phase four, is rejected by her and returns to its place. (Part 3, Chapter 15, Item 6)

3. What is a diminishing light

As the ten Sefirot of direct light pass in order to clothe from the screen downward, their value diminishes because of it, and they are regarded as “diminishing light.” (Part 3, 34)

4. What is the light of the face

It is the light of Hochma.

5. What is a light of consequence

This is the ten Sefirot of direct light that sparkle through the screen downwards. (Part 3, Chapter 8, Item 9)

6. What are separate letters

When the self clothes in the vessels, the four phases HB TM are designated by four separate letters, after the clothing of the lights in the coarseness of the vessels, ignoring the disparity of form between them. The disparity of form means separation in spirituality. (See the term “separation”). (Part 3, Chapter 15, Item 4)

7. What are connected letters

The refinement of the coarseness in Malchut of Malchut, which occurs in the Guf of every Partzuf, when the reflected light gradually departs until it rises to the Emanator, at that time, these ten Sefirot are called “connected letters,” after the refinement that the vessels acquire more and more each time. That refinement connects them and brings them closer to the root, as written in Item 6, where the coarseness causes separation and refinement causes connection. (Part 3, Chapter 15, Item 5)

8. What is an Ozen [ear]

It is the level of the ten Sefirot of the Rosh in phase two, which is Bina. (Part 3, Chapter 12, Item 7)

9. What is posterior

When direct light, meaning light of Hochma, is not clothed in a vessel, the vessel is called posterior, or posteriors. It has been written in item 4 that the light of Hochma is called the light of the face. Hence, when the light of Hochma is absent from the vessel, it is called posterior. (Part 3, Chapter 15, Item 6)

10. What is the lower Ima

It is Malchut of Atzilut. (Part 3, Chapter 4, Item 7)

11. What is middle‎

It is something that decides and connects two ends that are far from one another. From this you can understand the meaning of the names “middle line” and “middle pillar” in every place, which consist of three Sefirot—Daat, Tifferet, Yesod. (Part 3, Chapter 5, Item 4)

12. What is a mirror‎

Malchut is called a “a mirror that has nothing of its own,” or “a mirror that does not shine.” Zeir Anpin is called a “shining mirror.” It is called Light because Zeir Anpin and Malchut are called “the two lights,” since all the illuminations of the lower ones come only from them and not from above them. (Part 3, Chapter 7, Item 2)

13. What is Arich Anpin

Partzuf Keter is called Arich Anpin because of the self of the light of Hochma in it. Tifferet is called Zeir Anpin because it has no more than a minute illumination from the light of Hochma. The names AA and ZA are parallel, for they relate only to the light of Hochma in the Partzuf, as Hochma is called light of the face. (Part 3, Chapter 6, Item 7)

14. What is AT [pronounced ET]‎‎

Malchut is called AT, because she consists of all the letters from Aleph to Tav [all the letters of the Hebrew alphabet]. It is so because the letters are the vessels of the Sefirot, and all the vessels come from Malchut. (Part 3, Chapter 12, Item 2)

15. What is Bohu‎

Bohu is another name for Arich Anpin. It is a parallel name to Tohu, which is an appellation for Atik, which means negation of attainment, whereas Bohu means attainment and existence. It is an acronym of Bo Hu [In Him]. (Part 3, Chapter 6, Item 3)

16. What is a house [hall]‎‎

The Sefira Malchut that was separated from the inner vessels and became a vessel for the surrounding light is called a house or a hall (see Questions and Answers on the Meaning of Topics, Item 176). (Part 3, Chapter 5, Item 1)

17. What is breaching ‎‎

When the light overcomes the limiting screen that stands in its way, it is called breaching. It means that it completely ignores the boundary that stands in its way, breaks a passage, and shines through the boundary downward. (Part 3, Chapter 7, Item 1)

18. What is creation‎

Initiation existence from absence is called “creation.” The coarseness in the vessels could not be revealed in the world of Atzilut, but only from the bottom of the world of Atzilut downwards. Therefore, from that place downward, it is called Beria, after the coarseness that was revealed. The coarseness, which is the will to receive in the created being, is existence from absence, for everything in reality is regarded as emerging from Him existence from existence. This is because one cannot give what one does not have, except for the will to receive, which, by necessity, is not in Him, for from whom would He receive? (Part 3, Chapter 2, Item 3)

19. What is flesh‎

Phase three, called Zeir Anpin, is called flesh. This appellation pertains to it only to the ten Sefirot whose level is even. These ten phases are called Mocha [marrow], Atzamot [bones], Gidin [tendons], Bassar [flesh], Or [skin]. Malchut is called Or, ZA is called Bassar, Bina is called Gidin, Hochma is called Atzamot, and Keter is called Mocha. See here in Questions and Answers on the Meaning of Topics, Item 229. (Part 3, Chapter 5, Item 3)

20. What is a Guf‎

The ten Sefirot that pass through the screen downward, where Malchut expands into ten Sefirot from and within her, are called Guf [body], since they are the primary force in the Partzuf, for there is the primary clothing of the self in the vessels. However, in the ten Sefirot of the Rosh from the screen upwards, there is no complete clothing, but only roots for the clothing. (Part 3, Chapter 8, Item 6)

21. What is Galgalta‎

Partzuf Keter. The vessel where the light of Yechida is clothed is also called Galgalta. (Part 3, Inner Observation, Chapter 8, Item 2)

22. What are tendons

The vessel of Bina in the ten Sefirot whose level is even. (Part 3, Chapter 5, Item 3)

23. What are four forms‎

The coarseness in the emanated being, meaning the desire in it, are called the sum total of the substance of the emanated being. These four phases in that coarseness are called “four forms.” (Part 3, Chapter 6, Item 4)

24. What is speech‎

Malchut of the Rosh is called Peh, and the ten Sefirot that pass through her downwards by the sparkling of the screen are called speech. This is how the lights are always imparted and pass from Partzuf to Partzuf, as it is written here in answer 168. (Part 3, Chapter 11, Item 2)

25. What is in passing

The four phases always relate to each other as cause and consequence, even in direct light. Phase one of direct light is the reason and the emanator of phase two, phase two of phase three, and so on. Each degree is regarded as the emanator of the existence of its adjacent one. For this reason, it is also regarded as passing to her from Ein Sof, all its abundance for her sustenance. However, when the degree imparts to its lower one only in the sense that it is the cause that precedes her, it is called bestowal “in passing.” But if it indeed imparts to its lower one sparkling with the screen in it from above downward, it is regarded as imparting to her “in clothing.” (Part 3, Chapter 4, Item 1)

26. What is a narrow path

Limited bestowal is regarded as bestowal that passes through a “narrow path.” (Part 3, Chapter 1, Item 4)

27. What is a wide path

Abundant bestowal. (Part 3, Chapter 1, Item 4)

28. What is separation

When the ten Sefirot sparkle and pass through the screen downward, they become enslaved to the boundaries in the screen. In that state, they cannot suckle anything from the upper one, but only according to the boundaries in the screen. For this reason, it is considered that the screen separates them from the upper one, for it does not let them suckle all they want from there. (Part 3, Chapter 12, Item 4)

29. What is vapor

Reflected light is called vapor. (Part 3, Chapter 11, Item 4)

30. What is departing vapor

It is reflected light that descends from the screen downwards. (Ibid.)

31. What is Filled HaVaYaH

As the ARI writes in Tree of life, Gate 11, Chapter 1, the root of the lights and their essence are the four simple letters of HaVaYaH, without any fillings. However, their fillings are the expansion of HaVaYaH and the exit of their lights outside.

Explanation: There are five Partzufim: Keter, AB, SAG, MA, BON. Partzuf Keter is the principal among them and is their root. The ten Sefirot in it are implied in the four simple letters HaVaYaH, and it is called inner HaVaYaH.

A letter emerges from each Partzuf and clothes it. Partzuf Hochma is extended from the Yod of HaVaYaH of the Partzuf Keter. Its four letters are filled with Yodin [pl. of Yod] in the following manner: Yod, Hey, Viv, Hey [יוד, הי, ויו, הי], which AB in Gematria.

Partzuf Bina is extended from the first Hey. Its four letters HaVaYaH are filled with Yodin and Aleph in the following way: Yod, Hey, Vav, Hey [יוד, הי, ואו, הי] etc. Thus, the Partzufim of Keter are implied by simple HaVaYot [pl. of HaVaYaH], while the rest of the four Partzufim that clothe it are implied by full HaVaYot (see Inner Observation here). (Part 3, Chapter 15, Item 3)

32. What is simple HaVaYaH

See item full HaVaYaH. (Part 3, Chapter 15, Item 3)

33. What is a hall

See item house. (Part 3, Chapter 8, Item 6)

34. What is an upper hall

There are seven halls; the highest among them is called the upper hall.

35. What is striking

See Chapter 1, Inner Light, Item 70, and Chapter 2, Item 3. (Part 3, Chapter 1, Item 3)

36. What is a look

The expansion of the light of Ein Sof for a coupling by striking in the screen in the vessel of Malchut to raise reflected light is called looking, since the light that expands from Ein Sof is always regarded as light of Hochma, called the light of Eynaim, sight, or looking. (Part 3, Chapter 12, Item 1)

37. What is second looking

The expansion of the light of Ein Sof for a coupling by striking in Malchut of the Guf, meaning when it copulates in her during the refinement of the screen from degree to degree until it elicits ten Sefirot one above the other, is called “second looking.” (Part 3, Chapter 12, Item 5, and Inner Light, Item 8)

38. What is departure

Wherever there is refinement of coarseness of a degree, there is also an equal departure of the light and the abundance in her. It is so because the measure of the will to receive in the degree is its coarseness. It is therefore clear that when the will to receive disappears, so does all the abundance that is received in it, as there is no coercion in spirituality. (Part 3, Chapter 12, in Inner Light, Item 8)

39. What is distancing

The coarseness of phase two of the direct light is called distancing, because it chooses the light of Hassadim and detaches itself from receiving light of Hochma. Also, after the restriction, there is distancing from Hochma in phase four, too, because all the restriction and screen in it pertain to the light of Hochma. (Part 3, Chapter 1, Item 4)

40. What is clothing

Any light should clothe a vessel, and there is no light without a vessel (see “In Passing”). (Part 3, Chapter 12, Item 3)

41. What is sparkling

Illumination of reflected light is always called sparkling or sparks. (Part 3, Chapter 2, Item 2)

42. What is coarseness

Acquisition of a great measure of the will to receive. (Part 3, Chapter 1, Item 1)

43. What is expansion

It is the upper light that expands to the emanated being. However, we should understand that it is an extension from the perspective of the desire in that emanated being, who draws that expansion of the upper light to itself according to the measure of yearning in it. The degree is completed only by two phases of expansion of the light of Ein Sof (see the second expansion). (Part 3, Chapter 1, Item 1)

44. What is the second expansion

The expansion of the upper light does not complete its clothing in the vessels at once. This is because in any Guf, meaning in ten Sefirot that come from the screen downward, there is the issue of the refinement of the coarseness. At that time, all the lights of the ten Sefirot of the Guf return to their root and a new coupling in Malchut of the Rosh, called the second expansion, is made, see below in Questions and Answers on the Meaning of Topics, Item 165. This second expansion fills the vessels of the Guf once more, and completes the clothing of the self in the vessels for the upper one, as well as elicits a new Partzuf outside of herself. (Part 3, Chapter 12, Inner Light, Item 8)

45. What is a tail for the lions

The Sium of an upper degree is called “a tail for the lions.” “Tail” implies Sof [end] and Sium [also end]. When the point of Sium descends to the lower degree, it becomes the root phase there, and it is called there the “head of the foxes,” since in relation to the ten Sefirot of the upper degree, the ten Sefirot in the lower one are regarded as “foxes” compared to “lions.” (Part 3, Chapter 7, Item 5)

46. What is Zeir Anpin

See Arich Anpin. (Part 3, Chapter 4, Item 5)

47. What is a Hotem [nose]‎

The Sefira Zeir Anpin of the Rosh is called Hotem. (Part 3, Chapter 11, Item 4)

48. What is substance

The will to receive in the emanated being is regarded as the entirety of the “substance” in it. Its four phases are regarded as the four forms of the desire, called HB TM, see Item 84. (Part 3, Chapter 6, Item 3)

49. What is a seal

Reflected light that rises from the screen in Malchut upwards and clothes the ten Sefirot of the Rosh is called a seal. The lights that sparkle from the screen downwards to the ten Sefirot of the Guf are regarded as the imprints of that seal. (Part 3, Chapter 8, Item 9)

50. What is a window

It is phase three of the Rosh, clothed in reflected light. (Part 3, Chapter 1, Item 4)

51. What is engraving

Engraving and protrusion are two parallel relations in discerning the abundance. Protrusion means there is great abundance in the Sefirot, evident and protruding toward the observer. Its opposite is engraving, which means that the deficiency of abundance in the Sefirot is manifestly evident there. Thus, the matter of the seal, where the worlds are imprinted from one another, see Item 49, is regarded as a seal whose letters are protruding and a seal whose letters are engraved and depressed.

Thus, the seal of Atzilut is protruding, and Beria, which is imprinted by it, is a depressed seal. Yetzira is imprinted by the depressed seal of Beria, and thus becomes a protruding seal. Assiya, which is imprinted by the protruding seal of Yetzira, becomes depressed. It follows that the ten Sefirot of Atzilut and the ten Sefirot of Yetzira are regarded as protruding, and their opposite, the ten Sefirot of Beria and the ten Sefirot of Assiya are regarded as depressed and engraved. (Part 3, Chapter 7, Item 1)

52. What are basic elements

The four phases in the coarseness of the vessel of Malchut are sometimes called the four basic elements. (Part 3, Chapter 5, Item 1)

53. What is Yetzira

The level of the ten Sefirot that comes through a coupling by striking in the screen of phase one is called Yetzira. (Part 3, Chapter 3, Item 3)

54. What is a chair

The world of Beria is called a chair or a throne (see Item 57). (Part 3, Chapter 4, Item 4)

55. What is potential

There is “potential” and there is “actual.” For example, the seed of a fruit is regarded as including the “potential” fruit, but not in “actual” fact. However, through sowing and growing, the fruit emerges and becomes revealed from “potential” to an “actual” fact. In much the same way, we discern the screen: Before the light of Ein Sof expands to it for a coupling by striking, it consists of ten Sefirot in “potential.” After the upper light strikes it and it raises ten Sefirot of reflected light that clothe the upper light, it is considered that the ten Sefirot of the Rosh become revealed in actual fact as roots for the vessels. (Part 3, Chapter 6, Item 4)

56. What are complete vessels

The ten Sefirot that sparkle, expand, and descend from the screen downward are regarded as having complete vessels. They are called the ten Sefirot of the Guf. (Part 3, Chapter 8, Item 7)

57. What is a throne

The world of Beria is called the world of the Kisse [lit. throne], from the word Kisui [cover] and concealment. This is because the light of Hochma is concealed there (see here Chapter 3, Item 2). It also implies that the lights of GAR that are imparted there from the world of Atzilut are only regarded as Bina and shine there only in a manner of “sitting.” It is as one who sits on a chair: his level is diminished. The illumination of Hochma is called “standing” because in standing, the level is complete. (Part 3, Chapter 4, Item 4)

58. What is Keter

It is the first Sefira of the ten Sefirot, but there are many phases of Keter. (Part 3, Chapter 6, Item 7)

59. What is a garment

It is ZA that was separated from the inner light and became surrounding light. Also, every lower Partzuf is called a garment with respect to its upper Partzuf. (Part 3, Chapter 6, Item 3)

60. What is Moach [mind/brain]

It is the Sefira Keter in the ten Sefirot whose level is even. (Part 3, Chapter 5, Item 3)

61. What is from her and within her

The expansion and broadening of Malchut of the Rosh from herself downward in the ten Sefirot called ten Sefirot of the Guf, is called “from her and within her,” indicating that all these ten Sefirot are phases of Malchut in her, from the Keter of Malchut to Malchut in Malchut. (Part 3, Chapter 4, Item 6)

62. What is complete clothing

The screen between Atzilut and Beria that passes the ten Sefirot from Atzilut to Beria becomes a “complete clothing” that limits these ten Sefirot. (Part 3, Chapter 4, Item 5)

63. What is a screen

It is a force of restriction and judgment that was established in Malchut, rejecting the upper light from clothing within her, see Part 2, Questions and Answers on the Meaning of Words, Item 43. (Part 3, Chapter 1, Item 3)

64. What is a blocked screen

When the screen between Atzilut and Beria passes the ten Sefirot from Atzilut to Beria, it becomes a blocked screen, blocking them from Hochma (see complete clothing). (Part 3, Chapter 4, Item 5)

65. What is a place of darkness

The Sefira Malchut in the ten Sefirot of equal level is called skin. She ends the illumination of the Partzuf because the skin itself, meaning Malchut, does not receive within it any of the lights in that Partzuf because of the force of restriction in her. For this reason, she ends the illuminations of the Partzuf, and from her outwards, it is regarded as a “place of darkness.” (Part 3, Chapter 7, Item 2)

66. What is nesting

Intermittent illumination is called “nesting.” It is like birds that lie in their nests intermittently when they want to have fledglings, and afterwards leave. (Part 3, Chapter 4, Item 4)

67. What is a spark of the created being

In every degree, the upper one is regarded as the emanator and the lower one as the emanated being. In the world of Beria, the upper one is called “Creator” and the lower one “created being.”

The upper Malchut of Malchut, which descends and becomes the Rosh of the lower one, comprises two phases of the light of Malchut (see Item 222). In other words, with respect to her own existence, she is regarded as the emanator, or Creator, and with respect to her belonging to the lower degree, she is regarded as an emanated being or a created being. Her own existence is called “the spark of the Creator,” and her bottom phase is called “the spark of the created being.” You already know that the light of Malchut, meaning reflected light, is always called sparks. (Part 3, Chapter 5, Item 5)

68. What is a small spark

The smallest part of the light of Malchut, meaning the reflected light which remains in her as her own existence, is called “a small spark.” In the lights it is called a record. (Part 3, Chapter 5, Item 5)

69. What is Nefesh

The light of Malchut is called Nefesh. (Part 3, Chapter 5, Item 6)

70. What is a narrow aperture

The screen that detains the upper light from clothing is regarded as a partition that blocks the light. When the screen opens through a coupling by striking and the upper light passes in it and expands downward, it is regarded as making an aperture, a hole in the blocked partition through which the upper light passes. A broad expansion is regarded as a window, and a small expansion is regarded as a narrow aperture. (Part 3, Chapter 1, Item 4)

71. What is a dot

When Malchut with the screen in her is not making a coupling and raising reflected light, she is called a dot. In other words, she is like a black dot without any white in it. In the same manner, at that time, there is no light in her because of the restriction that rides on her. She is also called a dot because of the restriction that occurred in the middle point. (Part 3, Chapter 7, Item 2)

72. What is Neshama

It is the light of Bina. When the ten Sefirot divide into root, soul, body, garment, and hall, the light of Hochma is called Neshama [soul] and Bina is called Guf [body]. In this aspect, a Partzuf has only three lights NRN because Haya and Yechida have become surrounding. (Part 3, Chapter 9, Item 10)

73. What is adjacent

Proximity of form from one phase to another is regarded as “adjacent” to the other. (Part 3, Chapter 12, Item 6)

74. What is a Sefira

The ten Sefirot of direct light that are clothed in ten Sefirot of reflected light that emerge through a coupling by striking for the first time are called one Sefira. It is named after the top Sefira in that level, although it contains ten Sefirot lengthwise and ten Sefirot thick-wise. (Part 3, Inner Observation, Chapter 4, Item 3)

75. What is a world

The name “world”‎ begins primarily from Partzuf BON of AK, called the world of Nekudim. It is called by that name because ZA and Malchut of the inner vessels of phase four disappeared and became vessels for surrounding light, called garment and hall. Olam [world] means He’elem [concealment], although at times, the name “world” is borrowed to refer to the Partzufim and Sefirot that preceded the world of Nekudim, but this is only a borrowed name. (Part 3, Chapter 8, Item 1)

76. What are Eynaim [eyes]‎‎

They are the vessel of Hochma of the Rosh. (Part 3, Chapter 11, Item 6)

77. What is the self of the light

The ten Sefirot of the Rosh are regarded as the essence and the self of the light. From the Peh of the Rosh downward, they are regarded as the light of consequence of the lights of the ten Sefirot of the Rosh. However, this applies from the world of Beria downward. (Part 3, Chapter 8, Item 9)

78. What is Assiya

The ten Sefirot of the level of Malchut that receives from ZA are called the world of Assiya. (Part 3, Chapter 5, Item 1)

79. What is Atik

Malchut of Malchut of the upper one becomes Atik in the lower one, meaning with respect to her own existence, with respect to the spark of the Creator in her. The discernment of the spark of the created being in her becomes the phase of Arich Anpin (see Item 67), and the two of them together are Partzuf Keter for the lower one. (Part 3, Chapter 6, Item 7)

80. What is Peh [mouth]

Malchut of the Rosh is called Peh. (Part 3, Chapter 11, Item 5)

81. What is actual

There is “potential” and there is “actual.” See “What is potential” (Item 55). (Part 3, Chapter 6, Item 4)

82. What is separation

Disparity of form creates separation and distancing between spiritual things. Proximity of form creates adhesion in them. (Part 3, Chapter 10, Item 1)

83. What is a Partzuf

The ten Sefirot one below the other that come through the ascent of Malchut to the Emanator are called Partzufim [pl. of Partzuf]. (see Inner Observation, Chapter 13, Item 1). (Part 3, Chapter 8, Item 6)

84. What is a form

The four phases of coarseness in Malchut, which are called HB TM, are called four forms. (Part 3, Chapter 6, Item 3)

85. What is very narrow

Very limited bestowal is called “very narrow.” (Part 3, Chapter 1, Item 4)

86. What is the Holy of Holies

The uppermost hall in the seven halls of Beria, which incorporates KHBD of Beria, the innermost in them is called the Holy of Holies. (Part 3, Chapter 7, Item 7)

87. What is nesting

See “nesting” [Item 66].

88. What are Klipot [shells]‎

(See above Item 82.) Disparity of form separates and distinguishes spiritual things. Know that this oppositeness of form from one end to the other separates and drives them to opposite ends until there is no suckling between them whatsoever. You already know that in the upper light, there is only a will to bestow, and not to receive even a bit. The shells are of completely opposite form, meaning wanting only to receive and swallow everything; they have no will to bestow whatsoever. For this reason, they are separated from the Life of Lives and are called “dead,” and so is anything that adheres to them. (Part 3, Chapter 10, Item 2)

89. What is sight

The light of the Eynaim, meaning the light of Hochma of the Rosh, is called sight. (Part 3, Chapter 11, Item 6)

90. What is Rosh

It is the ten Sefirot of direct light clothed in the reflected light that rises from the screen upward, which means a beginning and a root. They are still not regarded as complete vessels, fit for the complete clothing of the light, but are only as roots. (Part 3, Chapter 12, Item 4)

91. What is a head for the foxes

See “a tail for the lions,” Item 45. (Part 3, Chapter 7, Item 5)

92. What is a quarter blood

Nefesh of Nefesh is called a quarter [also fourth], for she is phase four. She is clothed as the quarter blood of the Moach [marrow], meaning the Keter of the ten Sefirot of the Guf, whose level is equal, and which is called Moach. It is so because these ten Sefirot are called Or [skin], Bassar [flesh], Gidin [tendons], Atzamot [bones], Moach [marrow]. (Part 3, Chapter 5, Item 6)

93. What is Ruach

It is the light of ZA. (Part 3, Chapter 9, Item 10)

94. What is thin Ruach

It is a reflected light that descends from the coarseness of phase two. (Part 3, Chapter 11, Item 4)

95. What is a square

The couplings by striking performed on Malchut as she is gradually refined (see Item 7), meaning from phase four to phase three, from phase three to phase two, from phase two to phase one, and from phase one to the root, these couplings are called “square” after the four types of refinement that are done there. (Part 3, Chapter 15, Item 5)

96. What is smell

ZA of the Rosh is called Hotem [nose]. The light in it is called “smell,” because the ten Sefirot of the Rosh are called Galgalta, Eynaim, Ozen, Hotem, Peh. (Part 3, Chapter 11, Item 2)

97. What is breaking

Revoking the boundary in the screen is called “breaching and breaking.” See “breaching” (Item 17). (Part 3, Chapter 7, Item 1)

98. What is a root

All the phases in Keter are regarded as the “roots” of the Sefirot. (Part 3, Chapter 9, Item 1)

99. What is hearing

It is the light of Bina of the Rosh. Her vessel is called Ozen [ear]. (Part 3, Chapter 11, Item 2)

100. What are the roots of the vessels

They are the ten Sefirot of the Rosh, who is called Keter. (Part 3, Chapter 6, Item 4)

101. What is Tohu

Keter consists of two phases called “a spark of the Creator,” and “a spark of the created being.” The “spark of the Creator” in it is called Atik, and is called Tohu, after the complete absence of attainment in it. The “spark of the created being” in it is called Arich Anpin, and is called Bohu, indicating the root and beginning of attainment that is there. (Part 3, Chapter 6, Item 4)