80. The sages opened that verse, “Remember your Creator in the days of your youth, before the days of adversity come.” That verse was explained with regard to Israel when they were in the holy land. “Remember your Creator” means remember all those benefits, and all those signs and miracles that the Creator did to you in the first days, when you were a youth in faith, as it is written, “When Israel was a child, I loved him.”
81. “In the days of your youth,” meaning when He chose you from among all the nations of the world. “Before the days of adversity come” means the days of old age, when other nations governed you and scattered you among the nations.
82. “In the days of your youth” means the days of the year that are clear to you, and high guarding over you. These are four months in the year: Adar, Nissan, Iyar, Sivan. There is the miracle of Purim in them, the exodus from Egypt, the Omer count, and the giving of the Torah. These are days when the Creator chose Israel, when He performed miracles with them, and the assembly of Israel, Malchut, is crowned with her husband, ZA, and approaches him.
83. “Before the days of adversity come,” the days of old age, [the months of] Tammuz, Av, Tevet, in which we torment ourselves over the ruin of the Temple. [the month of] Shevat is also days of adversity, although no great adversity was revealed in it, as it is written, “But a rod [Heb: Shevet, spelled like Shevat] is for the back of him who has no heart.”
84. Years came when you say, “I have no wish for them,” and years came, the years of exile when Israel walk shaken. I have no wish for them, since in the days of the exile, a person will not be able to buy in the market, for at that time, pennies will be gone from the pockets.
85. “Until the sun and the light grow dark, and the moon, and the stars.” The sun is the shape of the face of the Shechina from above downward. From below, they are the authors of the Mishnah who were in the Land of Israel, the iron hammers shattering rocks and uprooting the high mountains.
86. The light is the Jerusalem Talmud, which shines the light of Torah. After it was canceled, it is as though they remained in the dark. It is written, “He has made me dwell in darkness.” This is the Babylonian Talmud, in which the people of the world walk in darkness.
87. And the moon, the Braitot [pl. of Braita (texts that are not part of the Mishnah)] that were shining the light of HS. And the stars are the enlightened ones who were in the holy land, all those Tanaaim and Amoraim, thanks to whom the world stands, since when they stood together, a person would say to his friend, “From this word that flew out of his mouth, I see what will happen on this day or the next, this and that.”
88. “Until the sun grows dark,” is the light of the countenance of the Shechina, for whom ZA would shine each day, and from that light that existed in the world, and Israel sat securely in the land.
89. The light is the light that the Creator created in the work of creation, which shone from the end of the world to its end, and was concealed. And the Creator would shine and drew from it one thread of His right, a thread of grace of the Creator, and the moon gripped it. At that time—of the ruin of the Temple—it is written, “turned back His right,” which is that thread of grace.
90. It is written about the moon, Malchut, “Justice lodges in her.” Malchut is called “justice,” and the stars, the ministering angels who were coming in Malchut and were known in her, and when they came in her, they would be canceled from existence. These are “angels of peace.”
It is written, “And the clouds returned after the rain,” as it is written, “angels of peace cry bitterly.” The clouds are the angels of peace, who became clouds due to the ruin. The rain is weeping with tears.
91. “In the day when the guards of the house move.” These are three courthouses that were teaching Torah in the Chamber of Hewn Stones. “And the strong men are bent” are the big Sanhedrin and the small Sanhedrin. “And the grinders cease” are priests and Levites, and all the positions that were in Jerusalem.
92. “And those who look through the windows grow dim” are the prophets and the watchmen who were seeing in prophesy and in the spirit of holiness. “When the doors are shut in the streets” means that people shout for redemption during prayer, yet there is no one to answer them since all the gates of prayer have been locked since the day when the Temple was ruined and the work of the house of our God has been canceled.
93. “And the sound of grinding is low” are those who batter the incense, who would raise a voice each day in its battering. The sound of the grinders, the voice of the Shechina, who cries out each day, “Return, O wayward children,” and there is no one to look at her.
94. “And all the daughters of music are brought low” are the Levites who climb up the stand each day and play a tune of a song. “All” in the verse means all the daughters of the song, including the high angels above, who were dividing into watches above corresponding to the watches below. If those below bent down, it is as though the ones above bent down, as well.
“They are also afraid of height,” afraid of the shells that destroy the Temple. Although from up high, they are small, meaning although they are of lesser value compared to the high ones, they are nevertheless afraid.
95. These daughters of music, the Levites, were bent because the hands of 80,000 Levites were tied behind them, for they were led into Babylon. When they reached the rivers of Babylon, they hung their violins on the trees that were there. They would ask them to play, and they would say, “How can we sing the Lord’s song in a foreign land?” They would bite the thumbs of their hands with their teeth and cut them off, and they could not play, and the Babylonians stood and killed them.
96. “And of terrors in the way; When the almond tree blossoms, the grasshopper is a burden, and desire fails. For man goes to his eternal home, and the mourners go about the streets.” Terrors in the way are because they were going into exile with shackles on their necks, and because of the duress of the load, which was hard, their fingers would fall off on the way. Jeremiah would collect them in his garment, kiss them, and weep over them, and he would tell them, “My children, did I not tell you, ‘Give glory to your God before it grows dark?’ It is written about that, “I will take up weeping and wailing for the mountains, and a lamentation for the pastures of the desert.”
97. “When the almond tree blossoms,” since from the day when the leaves of the almond tree begin to bud until it bears fruit, it is twenty-one days. Thus, there are twenty-one days from the seventeenth of Tammuz, when the wall was broken down, to the nineth of Av, when the Temple was ruined. “I see a branch of almond,” meaning that the judgment came upon them as quickly as an almond tree that rushes to bear fruits.
98. “The grasshopper is a burden,” means that a load was placed on the shoulders of David’s descendants, since “burden” means suffering and load. “Grasshopper” means David’s descendants, after the words, “and David was the smallest [youngest], since a grasshopper is a metaphor for smallness, as it is written, “And we were as grasshoppers in our own eyes.”
“And desire shall fail,” for the work of the house of our God has been canceled since the Temple is Malchut, called “poor and meager.”
“For man goes to his eternal home” is the glory, Malchut, the face of a man who departed upward, and people are crying out in prayer, and there is no one to look at them.
99. “Remember your Creator before the silver cord is loosened,” meaning the place where the priest burns incense on the inner altar, called the “silver cord.”
“Or the golden bowl is broken,” namely the house of the Holy of Holies, where there are the Cherubim of gold.
“Or the pitcher shattered at the fountain” is the kingship of the house of David that had been broken.
100. “And the dust will return to the earth as it was,” meaning that the Temple will be ruined and become as dust. “And the spirit will return to the God who gave it.” This is the Shechina, and the departure of the spirit of prophesy from the world.
101. “In the day when the guards of the house move” are the Tanaaim and Amoraim who were guarding the people in the Land of Israel, and now have been shaken from their place.
102. “And the strong men are bent” are the sons of Jacob, as it is written, “and there are strong men there.” The sin of the sons of Jacob, the selling of Joseph, was that they were strong men but suffered from distortion of the judgment, as it is written, “Does God pervert justice.” These mighty men suffered from perverted justice, which is why it is written about them “And strong men were bent.”
103. The people of the holy land sent to the people of Babylon, “It is true that you deserve to cry, as one who cries from afar, since the mourning and the crying and the lamentation in wailing and in bitterness did not come to you, for you washed your feet, meaning repented, and you do not want to make them filthy, meaning to sin once more as before, as it is written, “I have washed my feet, how can I make them filthy.